Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Class 12 Notes – Reactions, Mechanisms & NCERT Solutions
Unit 10 – Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 10.1 Classification 10.2 Nomenclature 10.3 Nature of C–X Bond 10.4 Methods of Preparation of Haloalkanes 10.5 Preparation of Haloarenes 10.6 Physical Properties 10.7 Chemical Reactions 10.8 Polyhalogen Compounds Introduction to Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Haloalkanes (alkyl halides) and haloarenes (aryl halides) are organic compounds formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon are replaced by halogen atoms. Haloalkanes contain halogen atom(s) attached to an sp3 hybridised carbon atom of an alkyl group. Haloarenes contain halogen atom(s) attached to sp2 hybridised carbon atom(s) of an aryl group. These compounds are widely used in industry and daily life as solvents for non-polar compounds and as starting materials for synthesizing various organic compounds . Many naturally occurring halogen compounds are clinically useful, such as chloramphenicol (an antibiotic for typhoid fever), thyroxine (an iodine-co...