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General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements – Class 12 Chemistry Notes | CBSE 2025-26

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Unit 6 – General Principles and  Processes of Isolation of Elements 6.1 Occurrence of Metals 6.2 Concentration of Ores 6.3 Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore 6.4 Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy 6.5 Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy 6.6 Oxidation and Reduction 6.7 Refining 6.8 Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron I. Introduction to Isolation of Elements The provided sources cover Unit 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements, detailing various methods for extracting and purifying metals. II. Key Metallurgical Processes Metallurgy encompasses various steps to obtain pure metals from their ores. A. Concentration of Ores This initial step involves removing undesirable materials (gangue) from the ore. Froth Flotation Process Principle : This method is primarily used for concentrating sulphide ores . It works by selectively making mineral particles non-wettable by water and thus preferentially attached to oil droplets and air bu...